The Gospel of Luke

Who Is Jesus?

Copyright © 2002-2003 by M. W. Andrews; all rights reserved.

This material may be used and distributed freely as long
as the copyright information is included as shown here.

Last revision: 5 June 2003

Go to Lesson 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

^Outline

1	Luke 1:1-2:52	Introducing Jesus
2	Luke 3:1-4:13	Jesus Identifies with People	Galilee (3:1-9:50)
3	Luke 4:14-5:35	Jesus’ Ministry to People	¯
4	Luke 5:36-6:49	Jesus Offers New Wine	¯
5	Luke 7:1-9:36	Who Is Jesus?	¯
6	Luke 9:37-10:42	Who Must We Be?	Journey (9:51-19:44)
7	Luke 11:1-12:12	By Whose Power?	¯
8	Luke 12:13-15:32	Choices	¯
9	Luke 16:1-18:34	Preparing for the Future	¯
10	Luke 18:35-20:44	The King Approaches	Jerusalem (19:44-24:53)
11	Luke 20:45-22:38	The Conflict	¯
12	Luke 22:39-23:56	The Sacrifice	¯
13	Luke 24:1-53	The Victory	¯

^{Explanation of style}

Luke 1:1-4 Red text Blue text Various symbols (some of these symbols may not appear in this study)

There is an abundance of questions and information provided in this study guide – more, in fact, than will fit in typical class periods. The purpose of this “excess” is to provide the teacher with options that best suit the needs and direction of the class. The teacher can trim the material to correspond with the desired length of the class and the interests of the group. Since the colored text helps identify elements that lead to the main themes, the colors can be used as a guide for what to include. Scriptures along the left margin should be read in class before proceeding with the questions and comments. Parentheses indicate that the reading is optional. Major points to emphasize A portion of the questions that emphasize the main themes. These could be distributed before class to help class members prepare their thoughts. [1] Endnote reference; click on the number to see the reference. Ñ “Key” point of explanation or interpretation s Question to ask your discussion group; possible answers or considerations sometimes follow in a list below the question. © Application question – useful for going deeper into each person’s walk with Christ. ( Quote that helps amplify the point or help class members think about it. @ Historical reference. þ Relevant map with link to click on. µ Relevant photo with link to click on. ™ Relevant art work with link to click on. ¥ Text slide with link to click on. A box with an arrow points to a question (and possible answers) that could be listed on a flipchart or similar tool.  This format encourages class members to share more of their thoughts about the question. A box (without an arrow) containing text represents a fundamental principle in the lesson that should be written or projected where all students can see it.  This helps them retain the central message while other supporting points are being discussed.

^{Lesson 1}

Introduction

Col. 4:7-15

s Describe Luke. - Probably not a Jew - Doctor - Beloved s What kind of personality or character traits would you expect to find in a beloved doctor? Ñ Doctors were not held in honor like today. The Greco-Roman respect for doctors vs. teachers was almost the reverse of our attitude toward the same professions. In that time doctors received much lower wages than teachers. s What spiritual qualities do you have that are tailor-made for your profession (or role or vocation)? Ñ If Luke was, in fact, a Gentile, then he is the only known Gentile writer in the New Testament. s Since he was not one of the apostles, Luke did not see first-hand the incidents he reported.  How might he have collected the information?

Introducing Jesus  (Luke 1:1-2:52)

Luke 1:1-4	s Why did Luke write this book? Ñ Luke’s Gospel is the longest book in the New Testament. Ñ It was written in the early 60’s (A.D.)
Luke 1:5-25	s What is the location in which the story is set? s Who are the characters? s What is the situation? Ñ Zacharias, the central character in this scene, was a priest.  Since every direct descendant of Aaron was automatically a priest, there were far too many priests for ordinary purposes. They were therefore divided into twenty-four sections.  Only at the Passover, at Pentecost and at the Feast of Tabernacles did all the priests serve.  For the rest of the year each section served two periods of one week each.  Priests who loved their work looked forward to that week of service above all things; it was the highlight of their lives. [1] s How is John described (v.14-17)? What is the significance of v.17?
Luke 1:26-38	s How would you compare the interaction between Gabriel and Mary with the interaction between Gabriel and Zacharias? s Compare the description of Jesus with the description of John. s Who was Jesus going to be (v.32-33)? - Son of God - Son of David Ñ The image of the Holy Spirit overshadowing Mary is the same terminology used when the disciples were surrounded by a cloud in the presence of Jesus’ transfiguration (Luke 9:34). [2]
Luke 1:46-55	Songs of Praise s What hymns would you include in a list of great Christian hymns? What makes them great? Ñ The remainder of chapter 1 includes three great songs: - “Ave Maria” (Luke 1:41-42) - “Magnificat” (Luke 1:46-55) - “Benedictus”                (Luke 1:67-79) Ñ How does Mary describe God? - Savior (how is this elaborated?) - Compassionate - Holy - Merciful - Active - Just s Stanley Jones said, "the `Magnificat' is the most revolutionary document in the world." [3] What do you think is “revolutionary” about Mary’s words? - Scatters the proud  (moral revolution) - Exalts the humble and casts down the powerful (social revolution) - Sends away empty those who are rich and fills the hungry (economic revolution)
Luke 1:67-79	Ñ “Salvation” is one of Luke’s favorite words; he uses it much more than the other Gospel writers (v.69,71,77). The Greek word SOTERIA means “healing” as well as “deliverance.”  Perhaps Luke the physician liked to view Jesus’ work as the ultimate fulfillment of his own calling. s Who was John going to be (v.76-79)?
Luke 2:1-20 (Luke 2:1-15)	Introducing Jesus s Why did Mary and Joseph go to Bethlehem? Ñ Inns in the 1^st century were not like our motels today. They were mainly houses in which travelers were given a place to spend the night.  Since many of the people coming to Bethlehem could have been relatives of Mary and Joseph, they may not have been as alone as our popular nativity scenes suggest.
	s What was the significance of the announcement to the shepherds? Ñ Shepherds were despised by the orthodox Jews at that time.  They were unable to keep the details of the ceremonial law; they could not observe all the meticulous hand-washings and rules and regulations.  But it was to simple men of the fields that God's message first came. [4] Ñ These were in all likelihood very special shepherds.  Every morning and evening in the Temple, an unblemished lamb was offered as a sacrifice to God.  To see that the supply of perfect offerings was always available the Temple authorities had their own private sheep flocks; and we know that these flocks were pastured near Bethlehem. It is most likely that these shepherds were in charge of the flocks from which the Temple offerings were chosen.  It is a lovely thought that the shepherds who looked after the Temple lambs were the first to see the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. [5]
Luke 2:21-38 (Luke 2:25-35)	Ñ According to the Law (Lev.12), a mother was ritually unclean for 40 days after bearing a son; on the fortieth day she brought a sacrifice to the Temple. Their sacrifice (v.24) was the smallest permitted (i.e., that of a poor person). Ñ (v.13)  Every firstborn belonged to God; he had to be ransomed with a fee (Exod.13:2,12). s How did Simeon describe Jesus? How does his description summarize Jesus’ work and purpose? s What was Jesus going to be for the Gentiles (v.32)? s What was Jesus going to be for Israel (v.32)? s What gave Anna the prophetess hope (v.36-38)?
Luke 2:39-52	s How much do we know about Jesus as a young boy? s What was His attitude toward the Temple and the teachers? ( “Here we have the story of the day when Jesus discovered who he was. And mark this – the discovery did not make him proud.  It did not make him look down on his humble parents.  He went home and he was obedient to them.  The fact that he was God's Son made him the perfect son of his human parents.  The real man of God does not despise earthly ties but discharges human duties with supreme fidelity.” [6]

ÿ Luke had a purpose in writing this book.

ÿ Jesus is introduced with songs of praise.

ÿ Jesus had a purpose for both the Gentiles and the Jews (2:32).

^{Lesson 2}

Galilee (3:1 – 9:50)

Jesus Identifies with People  (Luke 3:1-4:13)

Luke 3:1-22	Baptism s In what ways does Luke date the coming of John the Baptist? - Tiberius became the 2^nd Roman emperor in A.D. 14. - After Herod the Great died in 4 B.C., his territory was divided among four tetrarchs (literally governors of quarter-parts): 1. Herod Antipas (Galilee & Peraea), 4 B.C. to A.D. 39 2. Herod Philip (Ituraea & Trachonitis) , 4 B.C. to A.D. 33 3. Lysanias (Abilene?) 4. Archelaus (Judaea, Samaria, & Edom), replaced by a Roman procurator, Pilate (A.D. 25-37) after the Jews petitioned for Archelaus’ removal. s Who were Annas and Caiaphas? Ñ The high-priest was at one and the same time the civil and the religious head of the community.  Before they were subject to the Roman Empire, the office of high-priest had been hereditary and for life, but by this time it had become the object of all kinds of intrigue. The result was that between 37 B.C. and A.D. 26 there were no fewer than twenty-eight different high-priests.  Annas was actually high-priest from A.D. 7 until A.D. 14.  He was therefore at this time out of office; but he was succeeded by no fewer than four of his sons and Caiaphas was his son-in-law.  Therefore, although Caiaphas was the reigning high-priest, Annas was the power behind the position.  That is why Jesus was brought first to Annas after his arrest (Jn.18:13) although at that time he was not in office.  Luke associates his name with Caiaphas because, although Caiaphas was the actual high-priest, Annas was still the most influential priestly figure in the land. [7] Ñ In v.2 we are told about an occurrence that had not happened in 400 years!  “The word of God came to John.”
(Luke 3:1-6)	s What did John the Baptist proclaim? - Baptism – a familiar practice for converts to Judaism, but John claimed that Jews needed cleansing, too. John was essentially treating the Jews as pagans who needed to repent and come back to God’s kingdom. - Repentance – What does this mean? METANOIA: literally, “to perceive afterwards” – to change one’s mind or purpose. - Forgiveness – Did you know that the message included this (also in Mark)? APHESIS: literally, “send away, dismiss.” A medical term for the remission (or relaxing) of disease. Compare 4:18, where it is translated “release.”
(Luke 3:15-22)	s Describe the standard of living that John suggests in v.11-14. s John was called to “prepare the way for the Lord” (1:76-77). How do His teachings accomplish that? s Why did people think John might be the Christ (v.15)? s What did John prophesy about Jesus (v.16-17)? s Why do you suppose Jesus was baptized? - He was consecrated (set apart) for ministry - Approval of the Father and the Spirit - Announcement of the Messiah’s arrival and beginning of his ministry (Jn.129-34) - Jesus identified with man’s need to be cleansed from sin (1 Cor.5:21) - Example for Jesus’ followers s Notice how Luke links prayer and Spirit starting in v.21. Luke makes this connection on several occasions (9:29; 23:46).  Luke focuses on Jesus in prayer more than the other Gospels.
Luke 3:23-38	s What are some names that you recognize in Jesus’ genealogy? - David, Abraham, Moses, God
Luke 4:1-13	Temptation Ñ One purpose of Jesus’ baptism was that He might identify fully with mankind.  His temptation fulfills a similar purpose, joining the two events with a common a theme: identifying with mankind. s What are the temptations that Satan uses? - To emphasize material things as a substitute or distraction from focusing on God - To compromise in order to achieve worldly power - To test God rather than trust Him Ñ Satan tried to entice Jesus to grasp by His own power what the Father planned to give in His own time. s How are we tempted in the same ways?
	s What “equipment” did Jesus use to defend Himself against temptation? - Spirit - Scripture s Are these weapons available to us? s Does it help to know that Jesus was full of the Spirit at the same time that He was tempted (v1-2)?

ÿ Jesus identified with our humanity:

Ø in our need to be associated with the Father (through baptism)

Ø in our struggle with temptation

^{Lesson 3}

Jesus’ Ministry to People  (Luke 4:14-5:35)

Luke 4:14-44 Isaiah 61:1-2 (Luke 4:16-30)	Mission s In what sense was Isaiah 61:1-2 fulfilled in the hearing of Jesus’ audience (Luke 4:21)? - Perhaps He was assuming His role in their presence (as He also did in the presence of others at other times). - He was “annointed” – the verb from which “Christ” is derived.  Thus He was announcing who He was. Ñ When Jesus sat down after speaking, it was not to indicate that He was finished, but rather that He was ready to begin.  At that time Rabbis taught sitting down. [8] s Did the people understand what Jesus was telling them? - They understood Him to be suggesting something about Himself, because they claimed to know who He “really” was – Joseph’s son. - Jesus anticipated that they would want Him to prove His claim, so they may have connected His statement with Messiahship. Ñ Jesus responded with a common saying, “Physician, heal yourself” (4:23).  We might say it as “charity begins at home.”  He had been performing healing in Capernaum, and the Nazarenes felt they deserved some benefit from one of their own. s Have you ever expected Jesus to do for you what you have heard He has done for other people? s Why did Jesus remind them that Gentiles had been healed in the past? s What is the central point of 4:25-27? - Nobody is privileged in God’s sight s Why did Jesus’ remarks make the people so mad? s How do the events in the rest of the chapter relate to Jesus’ statements in Nazareth? 4:33-35      Demon-possessed man 4:38-39      Sick woman 4:40-41      Various diseases and demons Ñ The central point of this section is Jesus’ mission, amplifying 4:18. Ñ Jesus came to those who were oppressed – those who were the objects of prejudice and rejection.  This would probably come across more clearly to us if we understood the context of the passage Jesus quoted.
	Isaiah 54-66 deals with growing in a relationship with God.  Up through chapter 59, we discover that building a relationship with God means building a relationship with other people – and not necessarily the people we would choose. Isaiah 60-61 presents God’s action: providing strength, comfort, and joy to people – and especially toward the “undesirables.”  And the people in the latter part of this chapter were some of those who were neglected. s In Luke 4:43, Jesus said that He came to “preach the kingdom of God.”  What have you learned about the kingdom of God from this section? Ñ The phrase “kingdom of God” occurs more than 30 times in Luke.
Luke 5:1-11	Disciples s What was Simon’s profession?  - fisherman s What was Jesus’ profession?  - carpenter’s “son” s What might Peter have thought about such a suggestion coming from a carpenter? - Simon knew the best fishing spots.  He also knew the most favorable conditions for making a catch; and this day was one of the worst.  Furthermore, they fished at night, and the likelihood of catching fish diminished as it got later in the day. s How did Simon respond to the outcome (5:8)? - Being an expert fisherman, he knew that this was no coincidence. s What was Jesus’ purpose in doing this – to help them improve their fishing? - No, He wanted to change their profession altogether. s What kind of people was Jesus calling? How did He go about calling them to serve Him? What kind of responsibility was Jesus going to give them? s In fishing for men, who casts the nets?  - Disciples s In fishing for men, who fills the nets?  - Jesus Ñ Note: The disciples left everything behind to follow Jesus – even the fish!  (5:11)
Luke 5:12-16	Ñ Jesus’ mission, as presented in chapter 4, is continued throughout the book, as He ministers to the outcasts of society.  In the remainder of chapter 5 we see some people who were neglected and despised by most of society. Leper Ñ Jesus could have healed the leper from a distance, but instead He touched the man.  Usually no one wants to make contact with a leper, and the disease actually destroys the physical ability to feel what is touched.  So Jesus’ physical contact with the man may have healed him both emotionally and physically.
	s Who are the people today that no one wants to make contact with? How can we help “touch” them?
Luke 5:17-26	Paralytic s Why do you suppose Jesus declared the paralytic’s sins forgiven rather than first healing him physically? s The faith of the paralytic’s friends brought him healing. Are there people whom we should be “carrying” to Jesus? ( “The wonderful thing is that here is a man who was saved by the faith of his friends.  When Jesus saw their faith--the eager faith of those who stopped at nothing to bring their friend to Jesus won his cure.  It still happens.” [9]
Luke 5:27-35	Tax Collectors & Sinners Ñ “Levi” is the same person as “Matthew” – this is simply another name for the same person. Ñ Tax collectors were probably the most hated people in Palestine. Since they represented the Roman government which ruled Palestine, a Jewish tax collector was regarded as a traitor. [10] s How did Levi respond to Jesus? - Left everything - Banquet s What was so bad about Jesus sharing in the meal that Levi provided? s Levi invited anyone that would associate with him. Shouldn’t we do the same? Are we guilty of being too selective about who we invite? s What was different about Jesus and His disciples from other religious people?  What was the reason for this difference? Ñ On more than one occasion Jesus compared the kingdom to a wedding feast.  Joy is an important characteristic of a relationship with Christ.
	Ñ The Greek word for “salvation” (soteria) means “healing” as well as “deliverance.”  Therefore Jesus was a “Savior” to these people physically as well as spiritually because He healed them. Ñ Notice that the spiritual aspect of Jesus’ mission is clarified in 5:31-32.  He brought spiritual healing to those who recognized that they needed it, and the physical healing was almost secondary (as clearly stated in 5:24).

ÿ Jesus had a mission:

Ø To raise those who were lowly  (i.e., neglected or oppressed)

Ø To heal those who were sinners  (i.e., those who could admit it)

^{Lesson 4}

Jesus Offers New Wine  (Luke 5:36-6:49)

Luke 5:36-39	Parable of the Wineskins & the Garment Ñ Wine was kept in goatskin bags.  As the fresh grape juice fermented, the wine would expand, and the new wineskin would stretch.  But a used skin, already stretched, would break.  Similarly, it would be absurd to tear up a brand-new coat in order to patch an old one. s How does this apply to what Jesus was trying to accomplish? s Why do people sometimes prefer to patch their old coats, keep their old wineskins along with the new wine, or simply insist that the “old wine is better” without ever tasting the new?
Luke 6:1-11	Sabbath s What was a good Pharisee’s view of the Sabbath? How did this view miss its true significance? Ñ The first time Jesus healed on the Sabbath (4:31ff), people were so awed by His power that they failed to notice He had worked on the Sabbath. s What was Jesus saying in 6:9 about the Sabbath’s purpose?
Luke 6:12-16	Leaders Ñ After a night of prayer, Jesus chose 12 “apostles” from a larger number of disciples (6:13).  An “apostle” is “one who is sent,” a herald, ambassa-dor, or proxy.  s Why do you suppose Jesus chose twelve? - Perhaps it was symbolic of the chosen nation
Luke 6:17-38	Standards s Why were the people coming to Jesus (6:18-19)? Ñ “Blessed’ means happy, joyful, satisfied, or fulfilled. Ñ “Woe” (or “alas”) expresses compassion rather than an angry threat. s In what ways do Jesus’ admonitions seem illogical? ( “Jesus promised his disciples three things – that they would be completely fearless, absurdly happy and in constant trouble.” – F. R. Maltby [11] s What attitudes tempt rich and respected people to lose the greatest blessing?
	s In general, what is Jesus’ rule for life in 6:27-36? - Love your enemies ( “Agapan describes an active feeling of benevolence towards the other person; it means that no matter what that person does to us we will never allow ourselves to desire anything but his highest good; and we will deliberately and of set purpose go out of our way to be good and kind to him.  This is most suggestive.  We cannot love our enemies as we love our nearest and dearest.  To do so would be unnatural, impossible and even wrong.  But we can see to it that, no matter what a man does to us, even if he insults, ill-treats and injures us, we will seek nothing but his highest good.  …  What is the reason for this Christian conduct?  The reason is that it makes us like God, for that is the way he acts.” [12] s What do we risk by “turning the other cheek” (6:29-30)? s What do the statements in 6:37-38 make you want to do? s What are some “new” things that have been mentioned in chapter 6? s How do people respond to “new” directions?
Luke 6:39-49	s Jesus encourages His listeners to go beyond mere appearances to understand the real nature of their spiritual walk. How do Jesus’ parables in this section help us look deeper into ourselves? s Any time that rewards are involved, people will look at others to measure their own progress.  What does 6:39-45 say about this? - Look at yourself, not your brother - Measure you own reward by your own heart, which can be measured by your own fruit. Ñ Fruit is a result, a manifestation of the “tree”, not the thing to be judged.  What is to be judged is the heart, which we can’t see.

ÿ Jesus’ teachings are always revolutionary for people who are tied to rules and laws.

ÿ Jesus valued substance more than form, because appearances are limited to what we are capable of understanding.

^{Lesson 5}

Who Is Jesus?  (Luke 7:1-9:36)

Luke 7:1-10	Ñ We’ve already been introduced to the people to whom Jesus came.  Now the focus is on Jesus himself. Authority – Centurion Ñ A centurion was roughly equivalent to a regimental sergeant-major.[13]  He commanded a company of a hundred troops. Ñ Scripture only records two occasions on which Jesus was “amazed” (Mark 6:6; Luke 7:9). s How did the centurion show a “great faith”? s What did the centurion understand about Jesus and His kingdom? - Authority!
Luke 7:11-17	From God – Widow’s Son Ñ Nain was a day's journey from Capernaum and lay between Endor and Shunem, where Elisha raised another mother's son (2 Kings 4:18-37). [14] s No one asked Jesus to raise this young man, so why do you suppose He did it? s What did the people think about Jesus? - Prophet - From God
Luke 7:18-35 (Luke 7:18-23)	Unexpected Fulfillment – John s Where has John the Baptist been since chapter 3 of Luke? - He has been in prison - Therefore, all that John knew about Jesus was what he heard from others. s What did John want to know? s Do you suppose that Jesus was not what John expected? (Luke 3:7-9; 16-18) s How did Jesus answer? - His response echoes his mission from 4:18 s Did Jesus consider John a great man? Was he the greatest (7:28)? s How was baptism a differentiator between the religious experts and many others?
	Ñ 7:31-34 explains the attitude of the people (especially the leaders). John lived strictly and preached warning (i.e., “he sang a dirge”). Jesus lived exuberantly and preached joy (i.e., He “played the flute”). The religious leaders didn’t like the message either way, and thereby rejected god’s purpose for them.
Luke 7:36-50	Power to forgive – Prostitute s What do you think Simon thought about his relationship with God? What do you think the prostitute thought about her relationship with God? s What did the prostitute want? s What was Jesus’ attitude toward this woman? s What should be our attitude toward “sinners” such as prostitutes, homosexuals, etc.? s From a Pharisaic perspective, Jesus contaminated Himself by associating with such people.  Are we sometimes guilty of acting like the Pharisees? ( Some wish to live within the sound of church or chapel bell; I want to run a rescue squad within a yard of hell. – C. T. Studd s What did Jesus claim about Himself in v.47? s How did the people respond? - “Who is this man?”
Luke 8:1-3	Not Bound By Tradition – Women Ñ This passage lists a little group of women who served him out of their resources.  It was always considered to be a pious act to support a Rabbi, and the fact that the devoted followers of Jesus helped him in this way was in direct line with ordinary practice.  But, as with the disciples, so with these women, we cannot fail to see how mixed a company they were. There was Mary Magdalene, that is Mary from the town of Magdala, out of whom he had cast seven devils.  Clearly she had a past that was a dark and terrible thing.  There was Joanna.  She was the wife of Chuza, Herod's epitropos.  A king had many perquisites and much private property; his epitropos was the official who looked after the king's financial interests. In the Roman Empire, even in provinces which were governed by proconsuls appointed by the senate, the Emperor still had his epitropos to safeguard his interests.  There could be no more trusted and important official.  It is an amazing thing to find Mary Magdalene, with the dark past, and Joanna, the lady of the court, in the one company. [15]
Luke 8:4-21 (Luke 8:4-18)	Savior of a Faithful Remnant (and not only Jews) s Who is represented by the seed that falls on good soil (v.15)? What must the seed do in order to produce a crop? - Take root and grow s Why is it better to place a lamp on a stand instead of under a bed? - To let the light penetrate s Who are Jesus’ true family - Those who listen to the Word and act on it Ñ Notice that the central meaning of these passages is provided in 8:18.  Jesus’ words must penetrate and grow in produce spiritual fruit. If we don’t listen, we will be like the people described in 7:31-34. s What kinds of things get in the way of our hearing, retaining, and persevering?
Luke 8:22-25	s What did the disciples learn about Jesus? s Consider the four soils in 8:11-15.  What hindered the disciples from producing the “fruit” of faith?
Luke 8:26-39	s Where were Jesus and the disciples? - Region of Decapolis (“10 cities”), mostly Gentiles Ñ The demon-possessed man said his name was “Legion,” which in the Roman army was a regiment of 6,000 soldiers. [16] s If you were a Jew, how would you respond to Jesus sending demons into a herd of pigs? - Funny, justified s What kind of “soil” were the people in this country? How about the man who was freed of the demons?
Luke 8:40-56	s What do these events reveal about Jesus? s What obstacles to faith do these people experience? Ñ In chapters 7-8 we are told about several people who were amazed at Jesus, and wondered who He was.  Only the demons (8:28) knew for certain. s Summarize how the parable of the soils was acted out in real life through chapter 8.
Luke 9:1-17	Provider – Sending the Twelve & Feeding 5,000 Ñ Jesus now begins to focus on training the disciples, more so than inviting the crowds to hear Him. s What did Jesus give the Twelve (9:1)? s What did He send them to do? s How was the mission of the twelve like Jesus’ own mission? - Healing and preaching
	s Why did Jesus command the Twelve to conduct their mission as in 9:3-5? What should the disciples have learned from their experience in the villages? - God provides! s Jesus offers the disciples a chance to put the lesson into practice (9:12-13).  Did they learn the lesson?  How does the feeding of the 5,000 reinforce the lesson they should have learned?
Luke 9:18-27	Christ – Peter’s Answer Ñ Now Jesus confronts the disciples with the question that everyone is asking: “Who is Jesus?” s Who did the people think Jesus was? s Who did Peter say He was? s What new aspect of Jesus’ plan does He tell the disciples (9:22)? s What does Jesus mean by losing one’s life in order to save it?
Luke 9:28-36	Confirmed By God – Transfiguration s What were the disciples supposed to learn from this experience? Ñ Moses represented the witness of the Law, and Elijah represented the witness of the Prophets.  Their presence proved that Jesus was neither of them, but greater than both.  Compare v.8,19.  God is confirming who Jesus is. s What significance does the transfiguration have for us today?

ÿ Jesus demonstrated that He is the Christ, and His Father confirmed it.

^{Lesson 6}

Who Must We Be?  (Luke 9:37-10:42)

Luke 9:37-50	Ñ Now that we’ve learned who Jesus is, we’ll find out (along with the disciples) who we need to be.  We have just seen (through the eyes of three disciples) Jesus’ glory, which is now contrasted with our own predicament. Who’s Really Great? s Why were Jesus’ disciples unable to cast out the evil spirit? Ñ Jesus first predicted His rejection, execution, and resurrection after Peter acclaimed Him Christ (9:22).  Then, a week later He predicted His betrayal even while the people were marveling at His power over demons (9:43-44). s What might Jesus have been trying to teach the disciples by timing His predictions alongside those events? s What did the disciples begin to argue about (9:46)? What had they misunderstood? s Explain Jesus’ response (9:47-48). s Why would receiving a child in Jesus’ name be equivalent to receiving Jesus? s The disciples exhibit their competitive attitude again (9:49) – this time toward outsiders.  In fact, they appear jealous that someone could do what they couldn’t.  What attitude does Jesus teach them (9:50)? s What do the events in this section tell you about the disciples?
	Journey  (9:51 – 19:44)
Luke 9:51-56	Ñ This begins the second phase of Jesus’ ministry, as he sets out for Jerusalem. Attitude Toward Unbelievers Ñ The direct way from Galilee to Jerusalem led through Samaria; but most Jews avoided it.  There was a centuries' old quarrel between the Jews and the Samaritans (John 4:9).  The Samaritans in fact did everything they could to hinder and even to injure any bands of pilgrims who attempted to pass through their territory.  For Jesus to take that way to Jerusalem was unusual; and to attempt to find hospitality in a Samaritan village was still more unusual.  When he did this he was extending a hand of friendship to a people who were enemies.  In this case not only was hospitality refused but the offer of friendship was spurned. [17]
	Ñ What was wrong with the attitude of James and John (9:54-56)?
Luke 9:57-62	Attitude Toward Following Jesus s What attitudes do you observe in the three men who wanted to follow Jesus? Ñ Jesus’ statement to the second man may sound harsh, but the man’s father was probably still alive.  Since the dead were buried quickly, the man would not have been out talking with Jesus if he were in the process of tending a recently dead relative.  It is more likely that the man wanted Jesus to wait until he had no more family obligations. s What does this tell you that your attitude should be in following Jesus?
Luke 10:1-24	Joy in Trusting Jesus s What mission did Jesus give the seventy? s In what sense were they “like lambs among wolves” (10:3)? s How should we act as “lambs among wolves”? s What seems to have been the attitude of people toward Jesus in the region where the seventy were sent (Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum)? s The disciples were joyful when Jesus’ authority made them successful (10:17).  However, what does Jesus say should give a disciple even more joy (10:20)? Ñ Jesus began His comments by saying that He saw Satan fall from heaven.  Perhaps He is saying that their successes have dealt a death-blow to Satan’ mission; or Jesus might be warning them against being proud of “their” accomplishments, because that is what caused Satan’s downfall. s What were the disciples experiencing that prophets and kings had longed to see (10:21-24)?
Luke 10:25-37	“What Must I Do?” s What was Jesus’ attitude toward the Law (10:26-28)? s What is the problem with this lawyer’s attempt to inherit eternal life? Ñ The expert in Scripture looked foolish when his attempt to test Jesus merely led to his agreeing with an orthodox doctrine that any schoolboy could have stated.  Therefore, the expert asked what he thought was a tougher question: “who is my neighbor?”
	@ The road from Jerusalem to Jericho was a notoriously dangerous road.  Jerusalem is 2,300 feet above sea-level; the Dead Sea, near which Jericho stood, is 1,300 feet below sea-level.  So then, in somewhat less than 20 miles, this road dropped 3,600 feet.  It was a road of narrow, rocky defiles, and of sudden turnings which made it the happy hunting-ground of brigands.  In the fifth century Jerome tells us that it was still called “The Red, or Bloody Way.”  In the 19th century it was still necessary to pay safety money to the local Sheiks before one could travel on it.  As late as the early 1930's, H. V. Morton tells us that he was warned to get home before dark, if he intended to use the road, because a certain Abu Jildah was an adept at holding up cars and robbing travelers and tourists, and escaping to the hills before the police could arrive.  When Jesus told this story, he was telling about the kind of thing that was constantly happening on the Jerusalem to Jericho road. [18] s What answer does the parable give to the lawyer’s question? s What kind of excuses do you suppose the priest and the Levite gave for not assisting the injured man? Ñ Upon hearing the word “Samaritan,” Jesus’ hearers probably thought this would be the villain, especially after the incident in 9:53.  But the “bad guy” turns out to be the good guy! s What does this parable teach us that “love” means?
Luke 10:38-42	s What kind of service was most important to Jesus? Ñ Rather than limiting our perspective to what Martha was doing, let’s notice Mary.   She was breaking a sexual stereotype, and could have been regarded as acting out-of-place.  She was doing what men of that day did: “listening to what He said.”  Jesus was unique among rabbis in encouraging women to learn from Him. s How can we practice Mary’s choice? Ñ The parable in 10:30-37 explained the second commandment: love your neighbor.  Then in 10:30-37 Jesus helps us understand the first commandment: love god. s In summary, how can we live out loving relationships … with God? … with our neighbor?

ÿ True greatness is not found in the paths that the world teaches, but in humble service.

ÿ We love God by placing him first in everything.

ÿ We love our neighbor through compassion and service.

^{Lesson 7}

By Whose Power?  (Luke 11:1-12:12)

Luke 11:1-13	Ñ Now that we’ve learned who we must be, it is important to find out how we get the strength to be such a person. Prayer s Why did Jesus give the disciples this teaching? - At their request - Various Jewish groups had their own distinctive prayers, and Jesus’ disciples wanted a prayer characteristic of their group. Ñ We must note particularly the order of the Lord's Prayer.  Before anything is asked for ourselves, God and his glory, and the reverence due to him, come first.  Only when we give God his place will other things take their proper place. [19] Ñ Unlike the prayer recorded in Matt.6, this address is the intimate form, “Abba.” s What does it mean for Jesus’ name to be “hallowed”? s Describe some of the attitudes that this prayer expresses … toward God … toward self … toward others s What do the parables mean? Ñ The lesson of this parable is not that we must persist in prayer. … The point here is based, not on likeness, but on contrast. … We are not wringing gifts from an unwilling God, but going to one who knows our needs better than we know them ourselves and whose heart towards us is the heart of generous love. If we do not receive what we pray for, it is not because God grudgingly refuses to give it but because he has some better thing for us.  There is no such thing as unanswered prayer.  The answer given may not be the answer we desired or expected; but even when it is a refusal it is the answer of the love and the wisdom of God. [20]
Luke 11:14-28	The Source of Jesus’ Power s What was the argument in v.14-16 about? - The source of Jesus’ power over demons Ñ The Canaanite god was called “Beelzebul” or “Baal-Zebul,” meaning “exalted Baal.”  The Hebrews called him “Baal-Zebub,” meaning “lord of flies.”  The name eventually came to be used for the prince of demons. s What is Jesus telling the people in v.17-22? Does this tell you why Jesus spent so much time casting out demons? Ñ Satan doesn’t work alone – he has helpers (“angels” in Matt.25:41, and “demons” in Matt.9:34).  According to Matt.8:16-17, we know that demons are the same as evil spirits. s What are we supposed to do about demons? - Test them  (1 John 4:1-6) - Otherwise, we might be drawn away by them  (1 Tim.4:1-5) s Is there a danger in being cleansed of an evil spirit?  Why? How can the danger be eliminated? - Fill the spiritual void with Jesus (and His Spirit) - See Eph.5:18 s Are we susceptible to being filled with demons? - Jesus says we are if there is room for them to reside. ( It is not enough to banish the evil thoughts and the evil habits and the old ways and leave the soul empty. – William Barclay [21] s How does 11:23 differ from 9:50? - Reversed - Focus on Jesus rather than disciples s Why does Jesus correct the woman in 11:27-28?
Luke 11:29-36	God’s Light Reveals Truth s Why was it wicked to ask Jesus for a sign? s What was “the sign of Jonah” that Jesus would give? - Three days “dead”, then “resurrected” Ñ Both the Ninevites and the Queen of the South were gentiles who responded in faith. Ñ Read v.34 in various versions to observe how “good” eyes are described.  The Greek word is haplous, which literally means “single” or “simple” (i.e., focused, no hidden agendas).  Note: The Greek word for “eye” is ophthalmos, from which we derive the word “ophthalmology.”  Also, we call normal vision “haplopia” (derived from haplous), in contrast to “diploplia” (seeing double). s How is it possible to obtain good spiritual eyes? - Associate yourself with Light.
Luke 11:37-12:12	Ñ This section expands the theme of the lamp that illuminates and shows how things really are.  Appearances may be deceiving, but nothing is concealed in God’s light. s What do dishes washed only on the outside (11:39) have in common with graves that look like ordinary ground (11:44)? - Contact with a grave made a Jew unclean, so in both cases the person is deceived into perceiving cleanness. s How were the Pharisees deceptive like this (11:39,42,43)? s How were the lawyers deceptive like this (11:46,52)? s How does a person become clean inside as well as outside? s What is leaven?  – yeast What is hypocrisy?  – deception How is hypocrisy like yeast (12:1)? s How are we encouraged in 12:1-12 to be open and honest, rather than hypocritical? s What are some things that keep us from being fully open about our faith in Jesus?  Does this passage help? s What does it mean to “blaspheme against the Holy Spirit” (12:10)? - Both Matthew and Mark record that Jesus spoke about this sin immediately after the scribes and Pharisees had attributed his cures to the prince of devils instead of to God (Matt.12:31-32; Mk.3:28-29).  Because they had repeatedly closed their eyes and ears to God’s word in order to pursue their own way, these men could look at the very grace and power of God and call it the work of the devil. [22] s How does the Holy Spirit provide strength (12:12)? - To a Jew, God's Spirit had two great functions.  Through the Spirit he told his truth to men, and it was by the action of the Spirit in a man's mind and heart that he could recognize and grasp God's truth. [23]

ÿ We have power for living through

Ø Prayer

Ø God’s Spirit (cleansing & filling us)

Ø Focusing on truth (rather than deception)

^{Lesson 8}

Choices  (Luke 12:13-15:32)

Luke 12:13-21	Division Ñ One of the functions that rabbis often performed was arbitration in a dispute over a will.  But the man was not seeking arbitration; he was seeking a decision in his own favor.  Jesus refuses to decide between the two sons (v.14).  Instead He tells a parable.  Note: the Greek word translated ‘arbiter” in v.14 is literally “divider” (meristes). s What is the rich man’s mistake? - Notice the occurrences of the word “my.” s Put yourself in the place of the man hearing this parable in reply to his demand for justice.  What does it say to you?
Luke 12:22-34	s How is worry related to greed?  (cf. 12:15) s Why is worry unnecessary? s What does it mean to seek the kingdom that God has given us (v.31-32)? s How should we apply v.33?
Luke 12:35-48	s What are Jesus’ disciples expected to be ready for ? - To receive Him when He returns s What will happen at Christ’s return? s How do these verses tie in with v.22-34?
Luke 12:49-53	s What is the fire (v.49) that Jesus is talking about? - Judgment; separation of good and evil  (3:16-17) Ñ In Jewish thought fire is almost always the symbol of judgment. So, then, Jesus regarded the coming of his kingdom as a time of judgment. The Jews firmly believed that God would judge other nations by one standard and themselves by another; that the very fact that a man was a Jew would be enough to absolve him. [24] s What is the baptism (v.50) which Jesus refers to? - His death, an immersion in judgment for our sin s Jesus said He did not come to divide men’s material goods (v.13-15).  What did He come to divide? s How do you reconcile v.51 with Jesus’ mission as a bringer of peace (v.14)? - Vertical vs. horizontal perspective s How can we prepare ourselves for the division and judgment that Jesus brings?
Luke 12:54-59	s What did the people fail to recognize? Ñ The problem was compounded by the fact that the people relied upon their leaders – who were blind – to tell them what God expected. Ñ The assumption [in Jesus’ suggestion to resolve disputes] is that the defendant has a bad case which will inevitably go against him.  "Every man," Jesus implied, "has a bad case in the presence of God; and if he is wise, he will make his peace with God while yet there is time." [25]
Luke 13:1-9	Everyone Must Repent Ñ Notice that this incident is mentioned in the context of judgment.  It was commonly believed that God’s justice was so immediate and materialistic that prosperity signified righteousness and suffering (even natural disaster) indicated sin.  That’s why some people brought up this incident in this context. s What are the two tragedies mentioned here (13:1,4)? Ñ These Galileans at a feast in Jerusalem may have been involved in some insurrection against the Roman government, the leaders of whom Pilate had slain right in the temple courts where the sacrifices were going on. [26] s The Jews looked at tragedies and concluded that the victims must have deserved it.  Recall that Eliphaz had said to Job, "Who that was innocent ever perished?" (Job 4:7).   However, what lesson should the people have learned from these deaths? s Chapter 12 dealt with hypocrisy (12:1,56).  How is the parable in 13:6-9 about hypocrisy? s What does it tell us about god’s character? What does it tell us about the response He expects from his people? s How was Israel like the fig tree in v.6-9?
Luke 13:10-21	The Kingdom Is Like … Ñ This is the last time that we hear of Jesus being in a synagogue. The religious authorities were now looking for ways to silence Jesus. s How is the kingdom of God like … a mustard seed (v.18-19)? … leaven (v.20-21)?
Luke 13:22-35	The Narrow Door s How does the image of a “narrow door” (v.24) compare with the parables that Jesus just taught?   Is the door wide or narrow?    – both s How is the door narrow? - Jesus stresses that the time for repentance is limited, not the number of people who will be allowed to repent. - Jesus says to “strive” to enter, using the word agoonizesthe, which means to contend for a prize (our word “agonize” is derived from it). [27]
	s Describe how Jesus felt about the people who rejected Him (13:34-35). Ñ Notice in v.31 that some of the Pharisees were warning Jesus about Herod.  Apparently there were some who respected Jesus and did not seek to be rid of Him.
Luke 14:1-6	Ñ Dropsy (hudroopikos) is a medical word derived from hudoor (water), meaning one who has internal water (hudroops). [28] s What was wrong with the priorities of the religious leaders?
Luke 14:7-24 (Luke 14:16-24)	s What are some circumstances in which we have opportunities to apply v.8-11? s Why is it better to give hospitality to the poor and handicapped than to your friends and relatives (v.12-14)? Ñ Note: These are the people to whom Jesus said He was sent (4:18). Ñ The pious platitude [in 14:15] was called forth by Christ's words about the resurrection. It was a common figure among the rabbis, the use of a banquet for the bliss of heaven. This man may mean that this is a prerogative of the Pharisees. He assumed complacently that he will be among the number of the blest. [29] s What is the point of the parable in 14:16-24? s What kinds of excuses have you heard from people who were trying to evade an invitation to God’s feast?
Luke 14:25-35	s What is Jesus’ point in this passage? Ñ Pure salt (NaCl) does not love its flavor, but salt from the Dead Sea was not pure.  When the salt dissolved away, the remainder was bitter. s How is a would-be disciple who decides he cannot bear the cost like salt that loses its saltiness (v34-35)? s Go back through 14:1-35, and list each cost of discipleship that Jesus names. - Pride  (v.7-11) - Earthly rewards  (v.12-14) - Preoccupations  (v.15-24) - Loved ones  (v.25-35) - Life  (v.25-35) s What is it that makes the door “narrow”? s What should we do with difficult passages like 14:26,33?
Luke 15:1-32	The Wide Door s What prompted Jesus to tell these three parables (15:1-2)? s What evidence do you see in this chapter that God values people? s How does God respond to someone who is lost? How is this attitude different from the Pharisees’ attitude (15:2)? Ñ A great Jewish scholar has admitted that this is the one absolutely new thing which Jesus taught men about God – that he actually searched for men.  The Jew might have agreed that if a man came crawling home to God in self-abasement and prayed for pity he might find it; but he would never have conceived of a God who went out to search for sinners. [30] s How are we similar to the younger son in 15:11-13? s How does the younger son’s attitude change? s How did the older son misunderstand his father’s character and reasons for loving his sons? s Does God welcome His children as easily as the father in this parable – even when His children have sinned? s How are we similar to the older son? In what ways do we refuse to welcome God’s prodigal children? Ñ Once Lincoln was asked how he was going to treat the rebellious southerners when they had finally been defeated and had returned to the Union of the United States.  The questioner expected that Lincoln would take a dire vengeance, but he answered, "I will treat them as if they had never been away." [31] s What response does this parable ask from … sinners? … Pharisees? … us? Ñ Notice that the general actions in this last parable are similar to the interplay between the people and Jesus throughout this section: - People want to divide rewards according to what they “deserve” - Jesus emphasizes that everyone is in the same situation - Jesus offers everyone an equal opportunity to enter the kingdom - Some people are offended at His liberality and refuse to join the celebration

ÿ The kingdom of God is open and accessible to anyone.

ÿ But few people enter the kingdom because they don’t like the “cost.”

ÿ The result is that Jesus causes a separation among people (some accept Him, and some reject Him).

^{Lesson 9}

Preparing for the Future  (Luke 16:1-18:34)

Luke 16:1-13	Shrewdness & Faithfulness s How is the steward’s predicament (v.1-3) a picture of every sinner’s situation? s The steward (or manager) doesn’t throw himself on his master’s mercy as the son does in 15:17-21.  What does the steward do instead about his problem? s What is “mammon”? - Aramaic for “wealth” or “possessions” Ñ Although the steward’s master (in the parable) commends him, Jesus does not. Ñ Luke provides us with four lessons from this parable: 1. The sons of this world are wiser than the sons of light (v.8). “If only men would give as much attention to the things which concern their souls as they do to the things which concern their business, they would be much better men.” [32] 2. Use your possessions to make friends that will welcome you in eternity (v.9). The steward was committed to his position in the world, and he used money to win friends for himself in the world.  The lesson for us is to use possessions to make “eternal friends” with God. 3. The results we achieve with a small responsibility indicate our readiness for a larger responsibility (v.10-11). The steward was consistently untrustworthy toward his master because he only looked out for his own interests; do we take care of our Master’s interests or our own? 4. No one can serve two masters (v.13). This statement suggests that Jesus was actually overstating the success of the steward by claiming that he could “buy” his way into an eternal home.  In reality, the steward could only expect the benefit that money alone offers.
	s What are some reasons for being faithful with whatever you have in this world? s How can we use God’s property shrewdly and faithfully?
Luke 16:14-31	Possessions s The Pharisees claimed to be justified by obeying every bit of the Law, but what part of the Law were they breaking? - Luke 16:14; Deut.5;7,19,21 s Many were accepting the good news of the kingdom (tax collectors, “sinners”, etc.).  Were they free from the demands of the Law?
	Ñ The name “Lazarus” is the Latinized form of “Eleazar”, which means “God is my help.” s How could the rich man in 16:19-31 have attained the blessings Lazarus received?  (cf. 16:9,29) s The rich man was not deliberately cruel to Lazarus, so what was his sin? - His sin was that he did not notice Lazarus, and did not care about his suffering
Luke 17:1-10	Sin & Faith Ñ The word which is translated “temptations” or “stumbling blocks” or “things that cause people to sin” is skandalon, from which the English word “scandal” is derived.  It literally referred to the bait-stick in an animal trap. [33] s Why do you think Jesus is so hard on a person who tempts (or encourages) another person to sin? - A person chooses his own sin, but someone who tempts or pressures him bears some responsibility. s How should we respond to those who sin against us? - Rebuke  (explain how this is consistent with 6:27-36) - Forgiveness The Rabbis had a saying that if one forgave another three times, one was a perfect man. [34] s What does Jesus tell us about faith in v.6-10? - Powerful & humble Ñ Notice whom Jesus has been addressing since chapter 15:  He has been alternating between His disciples and the Pharisees.  His focus is on what is to come.
Luke 17:11-19	Giving Glory To God s How is this descriptive of the responses that people in general have been making to Jesus? - Very few - Poor and outcast (Gentiles) s Did the nine who did not return do anything wrong?  Weren’t they being obedient to Jesus’ directive and to the Law by going to the priests? s How is this incident a lesson for us about discipleship? s How does this passage relate to the disciples’ request for faith? - Jesus gives grace Ñ Recall from earlier lessons that “salvation” can be translated as “healing.”  In v.19, “your faith has made you well” can also be translated “your faith has saved you.”
Luke 17:20-37	Looking for the Kingdom s How did the people think the kingdom of God would come? - With signs - Politically s Why can’t the kingdom be located (v.21)? s In what sense was the kingdom already among (or within) Jesus’ hearers? s What are “the days of the Son of Man”? Were they at that time or sometime in the future? s How will the days of the Son of Man be like the days of Noah and Lot (v.26-35)? ( “Intimacy with a good person does not necessarily guarantee our own salvation. ‘No man can deliver his brother.’ Is it not often true that a family is apt to leave the duties of church membership to one of its number?  Is it not often true that a husband leaves the duties of the church to his wife?  The judgment of God is an individual judgment.  We cannot discharge our duty to God by proxy nor even by association.  Often one will be taken and another left.”      – William Barclay [35] s Is this a description of a specific, local event, or a global, final event?  (v.29-31, 33-36) Ñ When they asked Jesus when all this would happen, he answered by quoting a well-known proverb. “Where the body is, there the vultures will be gathered together.” That simply meant that a thing would happen when the necessary conditions were fulfilled. [36]
Luke 18:1-8	Waiting for God Ñ Jesus teaches His disciples how to pray without knowing when the Son of man will come. s Why does the judge finally give justice to the widow (18:4-5)? s How is God different from this judge (18:2,6-8)? s So how can disciples show faith in God’s character while they await Jesus’ return? - By not giving up or becoming discouraged - By trusting the Lord to help His children - By trusting the Lord to act when the time is right
Luke 18:9-17	Humility Ñ To the self-righteous people, Jesus tells a different parable about attitudes. s What is wrong with the Pharisee’s attitude in prayer (v.11-12)? s What is good about the tax collector’s attitude in prayer (v.13)? Ñ No doubt all that the Pharisee said was true.  He did fast; he did meticulously give tithes; he was not as other men are; still less was he like that tax-collector.  But the question is not, "Am I as good as my fellow-men?"  The question is, "Am I as good as God?" [37]  Therefore the purpose of the story is to make us think about whom we really trust. Ñ Note: We should try not to say, “thank you, God, that I am not like that Pharisee.” Ñ After including over 8 chapters of unique material, Luke now (in 18:15) rejoins Matthew and Mark to recount mostly the same events. s In what ways must we be like children in order to be welcome in God’s kingdom (v.15-17)?  How does this relate to v.9-14?
Luke 18:18-34	“What Must I Do?” Ñ In 9:48, Jesus used a child as an example for the disciples.  Then He sent them out to preach and heal.  Upon their return, He referred to them as “babes” or children (10:21).  Then a lawyer asked, “what shall I do to inherit eternal life?”  Do you recall the answer to that lawyer’s question (10:27)?  Now a “ruler” asks the same question.  This “ruler’ was either a synagogue leader (cf. 8:41) or a member of the Sanhedrin. s Why does Jesus challenge the man on his use of the word “good” (v.19)? Ñ In all the religious Jewish literature there is no record of any Rabbi being addressed as, "Good teacher."  The Rabbis always said "there is nothing that is good but the law."  To address Jesus in such a way savoured of almost fulsome flattery.  So Jesus began by driving him and his thoughts back to God. [38] s What did Jesus say this man must do to be saved (v.22)? Why do you suppose this man needed to give away all of his possessions?
	@ There is an apocryphal gospel called the Gospel according to the Hebrews most of which is lost; in one of the fragments which remain there is an account of this incident which gives us a clue [to the meaning of Jesus’ statement].  "The other rich man said to Jesus, `Master, what good thing must I do really to live?' Jesus said to him, `Man, obey the law and the prophets.' He said, `I have done so.' Jesus said to him, `Go, sell all that you possess, distribute it among the poor, and come, follow me!' The rich man began to scratch his head because he did not like this command.  The Lord said to him, `Why do you say that you have obeyed the law and the prophets?  For it is written in the law, "You must love your neighbour as yourself," and look you – there are many brothers of yours, sons of Abraham, who are dying of hunger, and your house is full of many good things, and not one single thing goes out of it to them.' And he turned and said to Simon, his disciple, who was sitting beside him, `Simon, son of Jonas, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven.'" [39] s How does this relate to the command, “do not covet”? s Why is it hard for the rich to enter the kingdom (v.24-25)? Ñ The Jews thought that prosperity signified God’s favor, so no one was a better candidate for the kingdom than a rich man.  Hence their astonished response, “who then can be saved?” s This is the third time that Luke shows Jesus predicting His suffering (v.31-34).  What additional information does Jesus give on this occasion?

ÿ In order to enter the kingdom, we must become like children

Ø In regard to possessions & wealth

Ø In regard to our attitude toward sin

Ø In regard to humility & faith

ÿ This is how our faith is prepared for the future

^{Lesson 10}

The King Approaches  (Luke 18:35-20:44)

Luke 18:35-43	Calling to the King for Mercy Ñ Luke describes the familiar sight of a common man calling to a ruler for mercy as the ruler traveled through his territory.  The ruler would summon the supplicant into his presence, hear the request, and perhaps grant it. s In what ways does the blind beggar show faith in the King of kings? Ñ In v.38, we’re told that the man shouted out (ebóeesen) to Jesus, but in v.39 a different word is used for his shouting; at that point he utters a desperate scream [40] (ékrazen, literally a raven’s croak [41]).
Luke 19:1-10	Seeking & Saving the Lost s What should we learn from this story? s What does Jesus do to “seek and save” (19:10) Zacchaeus? Ñ We must always be careful how we take the meaning of this word lost.  In the New Testament it does not mean damned or doomed.  It simply means in the wrong place.  A thing is lost when it has gotten out of its own place into the wrong place; and when we find such a thing, we return it to the place it ought to occupy.  A man is lost when he has wandered away from God; and he is found when once again he takes his rightful place as an obedient child in the household and the family of his Father. [42] s How does Zacchaeus (who was rich) differ from the rich ruler in 18:22‑23?
Luke 19:11-27	The Returning King s What prompted Jesus to tell this parable (v.11)? - The heavenly King is approaching Jerusalem Ñ The parable may have been modeled on the well-known episode of Herod's son, Archelaus, who went to Rome to obtain title to the kingdom which his father, Herod the Great, had left to him. His brother, Antipas, supported by many of the leaders among the Jews, protested the claim, and rejected his rulership. Since the event took place about the time of Christ's birth, it was a well-known story thirty years later (cf. Jos Antiquities xvii. 9,3; 11,1). [43] Ñ One mina = 100 drachmas  (about 100 days’ wages)
	s How does the returning king reward his servants who have multiplied their minas tenfold and fivefold (v.15-19)? s What mistaken belief about his master gets the third servant into trouble (v.20-23)? s The unfruitful servant loses his mina, but what happens to the citizens who reject the king’s rule entirely (v.27)? s How is v.12 similar to what Jesus did? How is v.14 like what happened to Him? s How is this parable a response to the belief that the kingdom is coming immediately (v.11)?
Luke 19:28-40	Celebration of the King Ñ Bethphage and Bethany were two villages on the road between Jericho and Jerusalem.  While in Bethany, Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead (John 11:1-14).  Ñ An unbroken colt was ritually clean, suitable for sacred or regal use.  Mounts were often kept unridden for such important people.  This was a donkey colt (Matt.21:7), a symbol of peace in contrast to a warrior’s horse (see Zech.9:9). s What kind of leader is prophesied in Zech.9:9? s Luke 19:38 quotes Psalm 118 (esp. v.25-26), which depicts a procession to the Temple in celebration of a king’s victory.  What does Psalm 118 tell you about the expectations of the people? s How did the Pharisees feel about the crowd treating Jesus like the Messiah (19:39)? Ñ It was a courageous act for Jesus to make His entry into Jerusalem so well known, because the Jewish leaders were already seeking to arrest Him (John 11:57).
Luke 19:41-44	The Messiah’s Lament Ñ The Mount of Olives was across a valley from the city of Jerusalem, so as Jesus descended from the hill He had a magnificent view of the entire panorama of Jerusalem.  He knew what was happening in the city, and so this scene affected Him deeply. s What were Jesus’ feelings toward Jerusalem? s What was hidden from Jerusalem’s people that would have brought them peace (v.42)?
Luke 19:45-20:8	Jerusalem  (19:44 – 24:53) Authority in the Temple Ñ The Jews visiting Jerusalem for the Passover had to pay their Temple Tax and they needed to offer a sacrifice at the Temple.  The purchase of animals for sacrifice and the conversion of money into the official Temple currency provided an opportunity for money changers to take advantage of the pilgrims.  Jesus was angry because the poor were being oppressed by the established religious procedures. s Does Jesus’ judgment of Temple practices in 19:46 suggest any actions or attitudes that we need to avoid in the church? Ñ Notice that Jesus spent much of the last week of His life teaching the crowds in the Temple, although Luke focuses on the disciples. s How did Jesus’ question in 20:3-4 pose a dilemma for the Jewish leaders? s Why did the leaders’ ability to understand Jesus’ authority depend upon their understanding of John’s authority? - The point is that their answer to Jesus' question would answer their own question. Every one knew how John had regarded Jesus and how he had considered himself only the fore-runner of the one who was the Messiah. If they agreed that John's authority was divine then they had also to agree that Jesus was the Messiah, because John had said so.  If they denied it, the people would rise against them.  Jesus' answer in fact asks the question, "Tell me--where do you yourself think I got my authority?"  He did not need to answer their question if they answered his. [44]
Luke 20:9-18	The Chief Cornerstone s What is the lesson of this parable? s How does this parable portray the vineyard owner’s character? s The crowd responds to Jesus’ parable with horror (v.16).  Why? - Perhaps they realized that Jesus was saying the nation would be given away s What point does Jesus make in v.17-18? - This is a quote from Psalm 118, same as the passage the people quoted in 19:38.  Maybe they neglected this part of it. s What does the interchange in v.9-19 have to do with the leaders’ challenge in v.1-8? Ñ Notice that Jesus deliberately uses this parable to dispense with any claim that He was a prophet.  The others were servants; He is the Son. He identifies Himself as God’s chosen King.
Luke 20:19-26	Greater than the Leaders s How would you summarize Jesus’ intent when He answered the Jewish leaders (v.19-26)? Ñ This tribute was a burning question in Palestine and had been the cause of more than one rebellion.  It was not the merely financial question which was at stake.  The tribute was not regarded as a heavy imposition and was in fact no real burden at all.  The issue at stake was this – the fanatical Jews claimed that they had no king but God and held that it was wrong to pay tribute to anyone other than him.  The question was a religious question, for which many were willing to die. [45] s Jesus implied that the denarius was Caesar’s because his image was on it and he’d had it made.  By analogy, how can we tell what belongs to God?
Luke 20:27-40	Ñ The Pharisees and Sadducees differed in several ways: [46] 1. The Pharisees were a religious body and were more interested in the ceremonial law than any political ambitions.  The Sadducees were few but very wealthy. The priests and the aristocrats were nearly all Sadducees.  They were the governing class; and they were largely collaborationist with Rome, being unwilling to risk losing their wealth, their comfort and their place. 2. The Pharisees accepted the scriptures plus all the thousand detailed regulations and rules of the oral and ceremonial law, such as the Sabbath law and the laws about hand washing.  The Sadducees accepted only the written law of the Old Testament; and in the Old Testament they stressed only the law of Moses and set no store on the prophetic books. 3. The Pharisees believed in the resurrection from the dead and in angels and spirits.  The Sadducees held that there was no resurrection from the dead and that there were no angels or spirits. 4. The Pharisees believed that a man's life was planned and ordered by God. The Sadducees believed in unrestricted free-will. 5. The Pharisees believed in and hoped for the coming of the Messiah; the Sadducees did not.  For them the coming of the Messiah would have been a disturbance of their carefully ordered lives. s What fault did Jesus find with the Sadducees’ use of Scripture (v.27-33)? s How did He answer them? s What does Jesus’ answer tell you about heaven? s How might a person today abuse Scripture as the Sadducees did?
Luke 20:41-44	Greater than David Ñ The Jews believed that a man’s descendants could never be greater than the man himself, even though Psalm 110 suggests otherwise. s How was it possible that the Messiah was both David’s descendant and greater than David?  Cf. Romans 1:3-4. s How was the question in v.41-44 relevant to the debate in v.1-8 about Jesus’ authority?
	Ñ Really what Jesus was saying here was, "You think of the coming Messiah as Son of David; so he is; but he is far more.  He is Lord."  He was telling men that they must revise their ideas of what Son of David meant. They must abandon these fantastic dreams of world power and visualize the Messiah as Lord of the hearts and lives of men.  He was implicitly blaming them for having too little an idea of God. It is always man's tendency to make God in his own image, and thereby to miss his full majesty. [47]

ÿ Jesus is King!

Ø In His compassion for people

Ø In His expectation of His servants’ actions

Ø In His procession of followers

Ø In His judgment of those who defile the Temple

Ø In His identification as God’s Son (not just a prophet)

Ø In His preeminence over the leaders

Ø In His descent from David

Ø In His preeminence over David

^{Lesson 11}

The Conflict  (Luke 20:45-22:38)

Luke 20:45-21:4	Look Beyond Appearances s What attitudes are revealed in the scribes’ practices? s Why did Jesus praise the widow? s How can we follow the widow’s example?
Luke 21:5-38	Destruction of the Temple Foretold s What prompted this discussion (v.5-6)? s What are the questions that were asked? - When? - What sign? s Why is the warning Jesus gives in v.8-9 necessary for disciples (including us)? s Can you tell what Jesus is talking about in this passage? - When Jerusalem fell in A.D. 70, Christians fled to safety. - Jesus stated that it all would happen within a generation (v.32) s If someone were to tell you that your nation would be destroyed in less than 40 years, how would you react? s What instruction does Jesus give to those who will be persecuted for proclaiming Him (v.12-19)? What encouragement does Jesus offer? s Jesus says that some disciples will be put to death (v.16), but He also promises that all who stand firm will gain their lives (v.18-19).  What does He mean? s How should disciples behave when turmoil seems distant (v.34-36)? s How is Jesus’ counsel relevant today?
Luke 22:1-6	The Plot Against Jesus Ñ Jesus had promised that God would destroy the Temple, but the Temple authorities believed that it was they who would destroy Jesus.  In chapters 22-24, observe the plan of God and the plan of Satan coming into conflict. s Luke says that Satan moved Judas to betray Jesus (v.3).  Does that relieve Judas of responsibility for the betrayal? - If not, then what part did Satan play? - If so, then why does Jesus state that woe is in store for Judas (22:22)?
Luke 22:7-23	The Last Supper s What was Passover?  (see Exodus 12) What was its significance? Ñ The nicer houses in Jerusalem had two rooms:  one on the top of the other.  The upper room was reached by an outside stair.  A common use of an upper room was that it was the place where a Rabbi met with his favourite disciples to talk things over with them and to open his heart to them.  Jesus knew where to find such a room, and He sent Peter and John into the city to look for a man bearing a jar of water.  To carry water was typically a woman's task, so it would be easy to pick out a man carrying a jar of water. [48] s What was important to Jesus about sharing this Passover with the disciples (v.15)? s How was the Passover going to be “fulfilled” (v.16)? - Jesus became the perfect Passover Lamb  (1 Cor.5:7) Ñ The English word “Eucharist” is derived from the Greek word in v.17,19 that is translated “gave thanks.” s What meaning did Jesus give to the shared bread (v.19)? s What was the meaning of the second shared cup (v.20)?
Luke 22:24-38	Adjusting the Disciples’ Perspective s Were the disciples thinking about the same things as Jesus (v.23-24)? Why not? Ñ A king on earth was evaluated by the power he exercised.  One of the commonest titles for a king in the east was Euergetes, which is the Greek for Benefactor.  Jesus said, "It is not the king but the servant who obtains that title in my kingdom." [49] s What kind of behavior did Jesus expect of His disciples (v.25-26)? Why do Christians often find it hard to act this way? Ñ In v.31 the word “you” is plural – Jesus is speaking of all the disciples. s How did Peter’s view of his own character differ from Jesus’ knowledge of him (v.33-34)? s When the disciples traveled during Jesus’ life, they could count on the hospitality of those to whom they ministered.  How were their needs going to be different after Jesus was executed as a criminal (v.35-37)? Ñ The disciples thought Jesus meant that they must arm themselves for war against Rome (v.38).  they were ready to die fighting for the Messiah (22:33,49-51).  Jesus silences them with an ironic “That’s plenty!” or a curt “Enough!”

ÿ Some things will pass and some will remain

Ø Our reward is commensurate with our sacrifice

Ø Beautiful old buildings will not stand, but persecuted believers will persevere

Ø Power and prestige are transitory, but thanksgiving will be remembered

^{Lesson 12}

The Sacrifice  (Luke 22:39-23:56)

Luke 22:39-46	Jesus’ Submission to God s Why did Jesus go to the Mount of Olives (specifically identified as the garden of Gethsemane in Matt.26:36)? - It was His custom - To pray - To cast his burden on god - To receive a burden - To strengthen the twelve (?) - To be arrested - To comfort Judas s What was the “cup” that Jesus wanted removed? s What does Jesus’ prayer (v.42) reveal about Him? What effect does that have on you? s What do the disciples show about themselves (v.40,45-46)?
Luke 22:47-62	Arrest s Now what do the disciples show about themselves (v.49-50)? Ñ Note: Jesus’ last miracle before His death was to correct a wrong by one of His disciples. s What did Peter learn about himself (v.54-62)? Do you ever find yourself in a similar situation?
Luke 22:63-23:25	Trial Ñ Luke omits two unofficial trials during the night that the other Gospels describe: - A hearing before Annas, the high priest’s father-in-law (John 18:12-24) - Unofficial trial before the Sanhedrin in the house of Caiaphas, the high priest (Matt.26:59-68; Mark 14:55-65)
	Ñ This trial is conducted by the “Council of Elders,” or Sanhedrin.  It included both Pharisees and Sadducees.  The court sat in a semi-circle, in which every member could see every other member.  All charges must be supported by the evidence of two witnesses independently examined.  When a verdict was due, each member had to give his individual judgment, beginning at the youngest and going on to the most senior.  For acquittal a majority of one was all that was necessary; for condemnation there must be a majority of at least two. Sentence of death could never be carried out on the day on which it was given; a night must elapse so that the court might sleep on it, so that, perchance, their condemnation might turn to mercy.  The whole procedure was designed for mercy; [but] it is clear that the Sanhedrin, when it tried Jesus, was far from keeping its own rules and regulations. [50] s Did Jesus admit to being the Christ? s What was the charge against Jesus that the Sanhedrin decided upon? - Blasphemy, which was punishable by death Ñ Rome did not allow the Sanhedrin to carry out capital punishment (although the Jews sometimes took matters into their own hands anyway), so the case was referred to the Roman governor. s What were the charges against Jesus that the Sanhedrin brought to Pilate (23:2)? - Subverting the nation - Opposing payment of taxes to Caesar - Claiming to be Christ, a king s Were these charges against Jesus accurate? s Why do you suppose that the Sanhedrin changed their charges between their own council meeting and the meeting with Pilate? Ñ Jesus’ reply in 23:3 is literally, “the statement is yours” or “you said it.”  This is an idiomatic Jewish way of saying yes.  It is not the same grammatical construction as in 22:70. s How did Pilate interpret the elders’ accusation (23:14)? - Pilate knew that Rome would punish him if there were riots or rebellion, so his primary concern influenced his understanding of the potential threat. s Did either Pilate or Herod find Jesus guilty of breaking any law? s Why did Pilate condemn Jesus? - To avoid a riot - To save his own position. Any province had the right to report a governor’s misconduct to Rome. In John 19:12, we find the Jews threatening Pilate with a report to Rome about his behavior. s How are we like Barabbas in what Jesus has done for us?
Luke 23:26-56	Crucifixion Ñ A victim normally carried his own cross, but Jesus must have been too weak from his beatings to carry a 30-40 pound beam. Ñ Simon of Cyrene had come to Jerusalem to realize the cherished ambition of a lifetime, and he found himself walking to Calvary carrying a cross for a criminal.  Mark describes Simon as the father of Alexander and Rufus (Mk.15:21).  Now you do not identify a man by the name of his sons unless these sons are well-known people in the community to which you write.  There is general agreement that Mark wrote his gospel to the Church at Rome.  Turn to Paul's letter to the Church at Rome.  Amongst the greetings at the end he writes, "Greet Rufus, eminent in the Lord, also his mother and mine" (Rom.16:13). So in the Roman church there was Rufus, so choice a Christian that he could be called one of God's chosen ones, with a mother so dear to Paul that he could call her his mother in the faith.  It may well be that this was the same Rufus who was the son of Simon of Cyrene, and his mother was Simon's wife. [51] s Why did Jesus say that Jerusalem should weep for itself (v.28-31)? s What was Jesus’ attitude toward His executioners (v.34)? Ñ Crucifixion was reserved for the basest criminals and slaves.  Roman citizens were not crucified because people regarded this form of execution as an unspeakable disgrace. s The rulers, soldiers, and the first criminal talk about the Christ and salvation several times in v.35-39.  What do they seem to think “salvation” means? What is their conception of the Christ? s Describe the second criminal’s attitude toward Jesus (v.40-42). Ñ The word “Paradise” is a Persian word meaning a walled garden.  When a Persian king wished to do one of his subjects a very special honour he made him a companion of the garden which meant he was chosen to walk in the garden with the king.  It was more than immortality that Jesus promised the penitent thief.  He promised him the honoured place of a companion of the garden in the courts of heaven. [52] s What events coincided with Jesus’ death? What is the significance of these events? - Sun darkened at noon                       Ø  Power of sin and evil - Veil of the Temple torn                      Ø  Access to God - Jesus cried out                                   Ø  Triumphant                - A centurion praised God                  Ø  Evident to those who saw it
	Ñ Jesus’ last words are a quotation from Psalm 31:5, which was used in Jewish evening prayer before sleep. Ñ It required extraordinary courage for a council member to request Jesus’ body.  Criminals were often left unburied as paupers, and normally only family members were permitted to take their bodies.  Joseph was proclaiming his disagreement with the Sanhedrin’s decision.

ÿ Jesus’ death was for the purpose of providing access to the Father.

ÿ He who committed no crime became the willing sacrifice for our crimes.

^{Lesson 13}

The Victory  (Luke 24:1-53)

Luke 24:1-12	The Women’s Report s What did the women find when they went to Jesus’ tomb at dawn on Sunday (v.2-8)? s How did the apostles respond to the women’s report (v.9-12)? s Why is the resurrection important?  (see Romans 1:4)
Luke 24:13-35	On the Road to Emmaus s How do the two disciples describe the events of the past week? s Do you think that we are expected in 24:30,35 to be reminded of 22:19? If so, what significance does this have for us? s Do you see any similarities between these two disciples and your own life? s What lessons can we learn from their encounter with Jesus?
Luke 24:36-43	Completely Alive s How did Jesus prove He had a physical body (v.38-43)? What difference does it make?
Luke 24:44-53	Instructions & Blessing s What two sets of events did Jesus say the Old Testament had prophesied (v.46-47)? s What part did the disciples have in fulfilling this prophecy, and why? Ñ In his second book, Luke makes it clear (Acts 1:3,9) that Jesus ascended 40 days after His resurrection. s How did the disciples respond to their new understanding of Jesus (v.52‑53)?  Why?  Do we act the same way?

ÿ Jesus’ resurrection and ascension give us hope in following Him.

^Review

s Who does this book say that Jesus is?

s How does Jesus’ identity create conflicts with people?

s How does Jesus’ identity provide healing in people?

s What choices does Jesus cause us to make?

s Which parable(s) help you the most?

^References

---

[1]    William Barclay, The Gospel of Luke: Revised Edition  (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1956; electronic edition by Liguori Publications, 1996), Luke 1:5-25.

[2] Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament, Electronic Database. Copyright (c) 1997 by Biblesoft & Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament. Copyright (c) 1985 by Broadman Press.

[3]    Barclay, Luke 1:46-56.

[4]    Barclay, Luke 2:8-20.

[5]    Ibid.

[6]    Barclay, Luke 2:41-52.

[7]    Barclay, Luke 3:1-6.

[8]    Barclay, Luke 4:16-30.

[9]    Barclay, Luke 5:18-26.

[10]   Barclay, Luke 5:27-32.

[11]   Barclay, Luke 6:20-26.

[12]   Barclay, Luke 6:27-38.

[13]   Barclay, Luke 7:1-10.

[14]   Barclay, Luke 7:11-17.

[15]   Barclay, Luke 8:1-3.

[16]   Barclay, Luke 8:26-39.

[17]   Barclay, Luke 9:49-56.

[18]   Barclay, Luke 10:25-37.

[19]   Barclay, Luke 11:1-4.

[20]   Barclay, Luke 11:5-13.

[21]   Barclay, Luke 11:24-28.

[22]   Barclay, Luke 12:1-12.

[23]   Ibid.

[24]   Barclay, Luke 12:49-53.  

[25]   Barclay, Luke 12:54-59. 

[26]   Robertson, Luke 13:1.

[27]   Robertson, Luke 13:24.

[28]   Robertson, Luke 14:2.

[29]   Robertson, Luke 14:15.

[30]   Barclay, Luke 15:8-10. 

[31]   Barclay, Luke 15:11-32. 

[32]   Barclay, Luke 16:1-13. 

[33] New Exhaustive Strong's Numbers and Concordance with Expanded Greek-Hebrew Dictionary, Electronic Database. Copyright (c) 1994, Biblesoft and International Bible Translators, Inc. 

[34]   Barclay, Luke 17:1-10. 

[35]   Barclay, Luke 17:20-37. 

[36]   Ibid. 

[37]   Barclay, Luke 18:9-14. 

[38]   Barclay, Luke 18:18-30. 

[39]   Ibid. 

[40] Vincent's Word Studies of the New Testament, Comments on Luke 18:35-43,  Electronic Database. Copyright (c) 1997 by Biblesoft). 

[41] New Exhaustive Strong's Numbers and Concordance with Expanded Greek-Hebrew Dictionary, Electronic Database. Copyright (c) 1994, Biblesoft and International Bible Translators, Inc. 

[42]   Barclay, Luke 19:1-10. 

[43] The Wycliffe Bible Commentary, Comments on Luke 19:12-14, Electronic Database. Copyright (c) 1962 by Moody Press. 

[44]   Barclay, Luke 20:1-8. 

[45]   Barclay, Luke 20:19-26. 

[46]   Barclay, Luke 20:27-40. 

[47]   Barclay, Luke 20:27-40. 

[48]   Barclay, Luke 22:7-23. 

[49]   Barclay, Luke 22:24-30. 

[50]   Barclay, Luke 22:63-71. 

[51]   Barclay, Luke 23:26-31. 

[52]   Barclay, Luke 23:39-43.